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Archives Volume-13, Issue-1 (January-June)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paper Title:
AWARENESS AND USE OF HEALTH INFORMATION RESOURCES BY FEMALE STAFF IN UNIVERSITIES OF PUNJAB AND CHANDIGARH
Author Name:
Satinderbir Kaur, NavkiranKaur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18654442
Page No.:
1-22
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AWARENESS AND USE OF HEALTH INFORMATION RESOURCES BY FEMALE STAFF IN UNIVERSITIES OF PUNJAB AND CHANDIGARH
Author: Satinderbir Kaur, NavkiranKaur

The health of the population constitutes the foremost asset of any state. Essential needs such as healthcare, adequate nutrition and education are as vital as fundamental rights in a democratic country like India. However, despite decades of independence, India’s healthcare system has progressed at a relatively slow pace. This sluggish development can be attributed to several factors, including insufficient investment in the health sector, widespread illiteracy, weak economic conditions, and limited public awareness regarding the significance of good health as well as existing government health schemes and services. Rapid population growth, lack of safe drinking water, environmental pollution, poor sanitation, and unbalanced dietary practices further contribute to the country’s health challenges. Another major reason for poor health outcomes is the underdeveloped public health infrastructure. Although both central and state governments have launched numerous health programs and schemes over time, many have failed due to inadequate implementation, weak planning, low public awareness, and the absence of effective grievance redressal mechanisms. Additionally, insufficient access to reliable health information and limited awareness of appropriate health information resources remain critical issues.

Paper Title:
INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DATA SCIENCE: A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH
Author Name:
Ravindra Kumar Vishwakarma & Harsh Kumar
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18654463
Page No.:
23-29
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INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DATA SCIENCE: A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH
Author: Ravindra Kumar Vishwakarma & Harsh Kumar

ABSTRACT
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Data Science (DS) have come together as a single paradigm for intelligent, data-driven decision making as a result of the quick development of computer technology. While data science concentrates on data collection, processing, statistical analysis, and knowledge extraction, artificial intelligence offers algorithms with learning,
reasoning, and automation capabilities. Research and industrial practices in the fields of healthcare, finance, environmental sciences, smart cities, and education have all changed as a result of the integration of these two domains. This review paper offers a methodical, researcher-focused examination of the combination of data science and artificial intelligence.
Conceptual underpinnings, methodological frameworks, tools and technologies, important application fields, difficulties, ethical issues, and future research prospects are all covered. The purpose of the publication is to provide researchers, academics, and practitioners working in the nexus of AI and data science with a thorough reference.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, Machine Learning, Big Data Analytics, Deep Learning, Intelligent Systems

Paper Title:
MACHINE LEARNING AND DEEP AUTOENCODERS FOR ZERO-DAY CYBER-ATTACK DETECTION: A REVIEW
Author Name:
Reena
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18654496
Page No.:
30-39
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MACHINE LEARNING AND DEEP AUTOENCODERS FOR ZERO-DAY CYBER-ATTACK DETECTION: A REVIEW
Author: Reena

ABSTRACT
The high rate of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and networks development has greatly exposed businesses to advanced cyber-attacks, especially zero-day attacks that use the vulnerabilities that were unfamiliar before. Because they rely on established patterns, standard signature-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) are unable to identify such attacks. This paper presents a strong deep learning-based intrusion detection model which uses the autoencoder designs to detect network behavior that is abnormal. The model can effectively detect deviation of normal traffic that can be viewed as a symptom of a zero-day attacks by learning representations of normal traffic, but the model keeps the false-negative
rates at a minimum. Evaluation of the suggested approach is performed with the help of benchmark datasets, i.e. NSL-KDD, CICIDS2017, and IoT-based traffic gathering and contrasted with conventional machine learning techniques like One-Class Support Vector Machines. The results of the experiment prove that the models using autoencoders have better
detection accuracy, recall and F1-scores, especially in complicated and low-volume attack conditions. The results confirm that deep autoencoders are an appropriate choice in scalable, adaptive, and high-performance zero-day intrusion detection in contemporary IoT and cyberphysical network settings.

Keywords: Zero-Day attacks; Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS); Deep learning; Autoencoders; Anomaly Detection; machine learning.

Paper Title:
ALGORITHMIC MANAGEMENT AND AI IN HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND IMPLICATIONS
Author Name:
Harsimrat Deo
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18654509
Page No.:
40-49
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ALGORITHMIC MANAGEMENT AND AI IN HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND IMPLICATIONS
Author: Harsimrat Deo

ABSTRACT
The inclusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and algorithmic management in human resources (HR) has restructured new workforce dynamics and organisation design, transforming how work is organised and performed in the digital age. Drawing on these theoretical perspectives, the present study examines the multi-dimensional impact of AI on HR, focusing on recruitment and selection, performance appraisal, workplace monitoring, employee
engagement, and well-being. Utilising sociotechnical systems theory and synthesising over 50 recent references and empirical research articles, the paper offers an integrated and critical discussion of the implications and ethical issues of the rise of algorithmic HR systems. It discusses how AI-powered solutions can improve decision quality, streamline administrative
tasks and support data-driven talent management decisions. At the same time, it draws attention to concerns such as algorithmic bias, opaque decision-making processes, psychological contract breaches, and the risk of eroding the trust and autonomy of workers. Applying an integrated conceptual lens, which draws on the augmentation-automation paradox, machine learning fairness, and algorithmic transparency principles, we map out routes towards a more inclusive, equitable, and ethically responsible use of AI in HRM. This work has implications for managers, policymakers, and technology developers who seek to reconcile efficiency with human-centric values in the era of innovative technologies.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Algorithmic Management, Human Resource Management, Ethical Implications, Workforce Transformation

Paper Title:
TRIGONOMETRY ACROSS MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION: CLASSICAL CONSTRUCTIONS, ANALYTIC EXTENSIONS, AND APPLIED HARMONIC METHODS
Author Name:
Kotade Priyanka V.
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18654530
Page No.:
50-61
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TRIGONOMETRY ACROSS MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION: CLASSICAL CONSTRUCTIONS, ANALYTIC EXTENSIONS, AND APPLIED HARMONIC METHODS
Author: Kotade Priyanka V.

ABSTRACT
Trigonometry is the mathematical study of relationships between angles and lengths, originally motivated by problems in astronomy, surveying, and geometry. Over time it evolved into a central language of periodicity and rotation, deeply embedded in calculus, linear algebra, complex analysis, signal processing, physics, and modern computing. This article presents a
detailed research-style exposition of trigonometry, beginning with classical Euclidean definitions and moving through identities, inverse functions, laws of triangles, and analytic formulations. It then develops the deeper structural view of trigonometric functions as coordinate projections on the unit circle, as solutions to differential equations, and as manifestations of complex exponentials. Finally, it surveys major applications including waves,
Fourier analysis, navigation, robotics, and imaging, while highlighting contemporary computational perspectives.

Keywords: Trigonometry, Unit Circle, Angle Measurement, Trigonometric Identities, Inverse Trigonometric Functions, Laws of Sines and Cosines, Complex Exponentials, Euler’s Formula, Differential Equations, Harmonic Motion, Waves and Oscillations, Fourier Series.

Paper Title:
EXPLORING THE MULTIFACETED IMPORTANCE OF SET THEORY IN MATHEMATICS AND BEYOND
Author Name:
Susmita Podder
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18766181
Page No.:
62-70
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EXPLORING THE MULTIFACETED IMPORTANCE OF SET THEORY IN MATHEMATICS AND BEYOND
Author: Susmita Podder

ABSTRACT
Set theory forms the foundational language of modern mathematics, providing a framework to define and analyze mathematical objects and their relationships. Beyond mathematics, set theory influences computer science, logic, philosophy, and other disciplines. This paper explores the multifaceted importance of set theory, highlighting its applications, contributions to mathematical rigor, and interdisciplinary impact.

Paper Title:
THE COMPARISON OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH GOALS OF ANTHROPIC CAPABILITY AND SAFETY V/S OTHER AI LABS
Author Name:
Tanaji
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18811922
Page No.:
70-81
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THE COMPARISON OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH GOALS OF ANTHROPIC CAPABILITY AND SAFETY V/S OTHER AI LABS
Author: Tanaji

ABSTRACT
One of the biggest technological advances in contemporary history, artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing a number of sectors, including healthcare, education, finance, and communication. Major AI research labs that influence the focus and course of AI progress are responsible for these advancements. The long-term plans, ethical concerns, and scientific objectives of these labs, however, vary greatly. Anthropic and other top AI research companies, such as OpenAI, Google DeepMind, and Meta AI, are thoroughly compared in
this study. Important research aspects such AI safety, compatibility with human values, interpretability, transparency, commercialization, and long-term societal influence are the main emphasis of the study. The outcomes show that whereas other labs strike a compromise between safety, capability development, product deployment, and scientific discovery, Anthropic stands out by prioritizing AI safety and alignment at the center of its goal. It illustrates the need it is to combine innovation and safety in order to guarantee the future responsible growth of AI systems.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, AI Safety, AI Alignment, Interpretability, Anthropic, OpenAI, DeepMind, Meta AI

Paper Title:
छत्तीसगढ़ में चयनित लघु वन उत्पादों के उत्पादन रुझान: इमली, चिरौंजी, महुआ और लाख का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन
Author Name:
निधि मिश्रा
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18888605
Page No.:
82-87
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छत्तीसगढ़ में चयनित लघु वन उत्पादों के उत्पादन रुझान: इमली, चिरौंजी, महुआ और लाख का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन
Author: निधि मिश्रा

सारांश
छत्तीसगढ़ की आदिवासी समुदायों की आजीविका और नकदी अर्थव्यवस्था का आधार लघु वन उत्पाद हैं। तेंदू के पत्तों के अलावा, इमली, चिरौंजी, महुआ के फूल और लाख जैसे कई अन्य वन उत्पाद ग्रामीण आजीविका में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान देते हैं। प्रस्तुत अध्ययन में 2014 से 2020 के बीच पांच महत्वपूर्ण उत्पादों के उत्पादन रुझानों का विश्लेषण किया गया है, जिसके लिए आंकड़ों में वर्षवार उत्पादन डेटा प्रस्तुत किया गया है। विश्लेषण से पता चलता है कि अधिकांश उत्पादों के उत्पादन में गिरावट या अत्यधिक उतार-चढ़ाव देखा गया है, केवल महुआ में ही बाद के वर्षों में सापेक्षिक सुधार हुआ है। इमली और लाख की दोनों किस्मों में स्पष्ट गिरावट देखी गई है, जबकि चिरौंजी में निरंतर वृद्धि के बजाय अस्थिरता दिखाई देती है। ये रुझान पारिस्थितिक तनाव, अनियमित कटाई की स्थिति और कमजोर संस्थागत सहायता प्रणालियों को इंगित करते हैं। अध्ययन का निष्कर्ष है कि बेहतर भंडारण, प्रसंस्करण और संगठित विपणन प्रणालियों के बिना, लघु वन उत्पाद अर्थव्यवस्था की स्थिरता और आदिवासी परिवारों की आय सुरक्षा अनिश्चित बनी रहेगी।

Paper Title:
ENHANCEING EFFICIENCY IN MCQ EVALUATION- USINGEXCEL BASED OMR APP IN EDUCATION
Author Name:
Suman & Ravindra Kumar Vishwakarma
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18918686
Page No.:
88-96
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ENHANCEING EFFICIENCY IN MCQ EVALUATION- USINGEXCEL BASED OMR APP IN EDUCATION
Author: Suman & Ravindra Kumar Vishwakarma

ABSTRACT
The high growth rate of the large scale tests and the constant assessment programs in the learning institutions has placed a high demand on the need to have the right, fast, and inexpensive evaluation systems. Conventional Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) systems are costly, special hardware is necessary, and it is not flexible to small and medium educational institutions. This paper is an account of the design and implementation of an excel based
OMR application to improve efficiency, accessibility and reliability of Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) evaluation processes. The system proposed takes advantage of the computing power of the Microsoft Excel along with automated macros and formula-driven recognition algorithms to scan answer sheets and provide student responses with real-time scoring reports. The application removes the use of proprietary OMR machines and guarantees high accuracy, minimized processing time and low cost of operation. Major ones are automatic roll number recognition, dynamic answer key management, immediate generation of results and detailed performance analysis. As shown in experimental evaluation the system developed is able to save the evaluation time by over 70 percent of the time that it would have taken with manual correction methods without compromising the accuracy of the results, which is above 99 percent. The solution provides a scalable, easy to use option that can be used in schools, colleges, and training institutions to find an affordable digital assessment tool. This writing will add a viable and finely sustainable method to revamp the evaluation of examination using software infrastructure that is widely accessible.
Keywords—Excel-based OMR, MCQ evaluation, Optical Mark Recognition, Automated assessment, Digital examination system, Result processing automation, Educational technology, Low-cost OMR solution, Academic analytics, Spreadsheet-based evaluation system.

Paper Title:
MACHINE LEARNING-ENHANCED DIGITAL BACKPROPAGATION FOR INTRA-CHANNEL KERR NONLINEARITY COMPENSATION IN OPTICAL FIBER SYSTEMS
Author Name:
Subhash Chandra Prasad & Sanjay Bhagat
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18922930
Page No.:
97-108
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MACHINE LEARNING-ENHANCED DIGITAL BACKPROPAGATION FOR INTRA-CHANNEL KERR NONLINEARITY COMPENSATION IN OPTICAL FIBER SYSTEMS
Author: Subhash Chandra Prasad & Sanjay Bhagat

ABSTRACT
Optical fibres are essential for transmitting 4K movies internationally. However, in highcapacity systems, such as our 100 Gbps QPSK configuration operating over 1000 km of standard single-mode fibre (SMF), signal distortion is introduced by intra-channel Kerr nonlinearities, self-phase modulation (SPM), intra-channel cross-phase modulation (IXPM) and intra-channel four-wave mixing (IFWM). These effects, rooted in the fibre’s third-order susceptibility (χ³), shift the refractive index with signal power, degrading the bit error rate (BER) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Our previous work modelled these distortions using the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), highlighting their impact. Digital backpropagation (DBP) uses the split-step Fourier method (SSFM) to undo these effects, but fixed step sizes make the calculations heavy and cause mistakes. We’ve developed an innovative machine learning (ML)-enhanced DBP, employing a three-layer neural network to optimize SSFM step sizes and dispersion parameters dynamically. Trained on Scilab simulations and integrated with Python’s TensorFlow, this ML-DBP adapts to Kerr-induced distortions efficiently. Simulations reveal a 4.5 dB SNR improvement and 35% BER reduction (from 1.2×10⁻⁴ to 7.8×10⁻⁵) at 6 dBm launch power, with sharper eye diagrams showcasing cleaner QPSK constellations. Despite a 15% computational cost, the performance gains suit long-haul links. Grounded in our NLSE framework and Scilab’s open-source
strength, this work advances DSP innovation. Future efforts will target WDM systems to address inter-channel nonlinearities, pushing toward seamless global connectivity.

Paper Title:
CNN FOR SATELLITE IMAGE ANALYSIS
Author Name:
Gautam Kumar, Piyush Kumar, Lovish Bansal & Shivam Aanand
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19017914
Page No.:
394-400
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CNN FOR SATELLITE IMAGE ANALYSIS
Author: Gautam Kumar, Piyush Kumar, Lovish Bansal & Shivam Aanand

ABSTRACT—
The field of multimedia applications and processing is very promising and plays an essential role in many type of artificial intelligence applications like in video summarization, image retrieval, image classification, etc. Multimedia methods using Convolutional neural networks, convinced researchers to build systems that can classify images using data without human input. For feature extraction based on deep learning with convolutional neural networks using pre-trained models such as Alexnet, we renew the measures for satellite image classification. On all three datasets, SAT4, SAT6, and UC, the Resnet50 model outperforms the other models. Merced Land. As depicted in Figure 5, after applying the developed model, the accuracy of UC Merced Land dataset achieves 98%, SAT4 achieves 95.8%, and SAT6 achieves 94.1%.

Keywords—Deep Learning method, Image Compression, Autoencoders, (C_N_N), (G_A_N), (P_S_N_R).

Paper Title:
A STUDY ON DIGITAL MARKETING AND ITS INFLUENCE ON POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS AND MARKETERS IN INDIA
Author Name:
Rupina Popli
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19104979
Page No.:
109-116
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A STUDY ON DIGITAL MARKETING AND ITS INFLUENCE ON POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS AND MARKETERS IN INDIA
Author: Rupina Popli

ABSTRACT
In recent years, the world has witnessed a huge change in the field of marketing and system of doing business due to ever increasing development of technology and internet users. Digital marketing has emerged as a crucial tool for all type of organisations looking to connect with their targeted consumers for selling their products and services. Digital marketing is the use of digital channels to promote goods and services, increase brand awareness, drive traffic, and quickly achieve marketing goals.
The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of digital marketing and explore how it has become a vital tool for both marketers and consumers in today’s business environment. We have also addressed the influence of Digital marketing and its influence on consumer buying behavior. In this study we have reviewed the literature on the Digital marketing. A modest attempt has been made to observe how digital marketing has influenced the expansion of e-business and changed the way consumers prefer to purchase their products and services. The responses of a survey of 200 customers conducted in National Capital Region of Delhi through a structured questionnaire have also been analyzed in this study.

Keywords : Digital marketing, Technology, Buying behavior, Drive traffic

Paper Title:
AWARENESS AND USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED TOOLS IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES: A STUDY OF FACULTY MEMBERS AND RESEARCH SCHOLARS
Author Name:
Satnam Singh
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19249611
Page No.:
117-122
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AWARENESS AND USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED TOOLS IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES: A STUDY OF FACULTY MEMBERS AND RESEARCH SCHOLARS
Author: Satnam Singh

ABSTRACT
The rapid evolution of the information landscape requires academic libraries to proactively adopt Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to remain future-ready. This study examines the level of awareness and usage of AI-based tools among faculty members and research scholars in academic institutions, aligning with the theme of ICAL 2026, which focuses on preparing libraries for the future. A quantitative survey method was employed, and primary data were collected from 200 respondents through a structured questionnaire. Statistical techniques such as percentage analysis, independent sample t-test and regression analysis were used to analyse the data. The findings indicate a moderate level of awareness of AI tools, with plagiarism detection systems and citation management software emerging as the most frequently used applications. The results further reveal that training opportunities and digital literacy significantly influence the adoption of AI tools among users. The study recommends the development of institutional policies and capacity-building initiatives to enhance AI competencies among academic communities. Strengthening AI integration in library services can help academic libraries evolve as proactive partners in the emerging
digital scholarly ecosystem.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Academic Libraries, Research Scholars, Digital Literacy,
AI Tools, Library Automation, Future-Ready Libraries, ICAL 2026.

Paper Title:
AWARENESS AND ADOPTION DETERMINANTS TOWARDS DIGITAL PAYMENT SYSTEM AMONG SMALL BUSINESSES IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
Author Name:
Vipan Kumar Bhulal & Ajit Kumar
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19250012
Page No.:
123-140
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AWARENESS AND ADOPTION DETERMINANTS TOWARDS DIGITAL PAYMENT SYSTEM AMONG SMALL BUSINESSES IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
Author: Vipan Kumar Bhulal & Ajit Kumar

ABSTRACT
The Digital Payment Systems (DPS) has expanded rapidly in India due to technological
advancements, government-led digital initiatives, and increasing consumer preference for cashless transactions. Himachal Pradesh has also experienced a steady rise in DPS adoption, with small enterprises in urban and semi-urban regions increasingly using UPI, QR-code payments, and mobile wallets. These systems offer significant benefits, including improved record-keeping, faster transactions, reduced cash-handling risks, and enhanced access to formal financial services. However, adoption remains inconsistent, particularly in remote and high-altitude areas where internet connectivity is unstable. Limited digital literacy, fear of cyber fraud, and concerns about taxation further restrict widespread usage among micro and small business owners. This study examines the awareness level, adoption and usage patterns of DPS among small businesses in Himachal Pradesh and identifies areas requiring targeted interventions to strengthen digital financial inclusion. The study identified the awareness level and key drivers of adoption of DPS and challenges that micro and small business holders encounter in the digital payment system. The digital payments contributed positively
for the business growth with the help of DPS. In addition, large portion of sales done through the digital transactions and low dependency on cash transactions. The digital payments reducing transaction time. Safety, security, complete confidence to resolve failed or delayed transactions, reflecting moderate confidence and technical errors remain the major concern. Despite these are some major challenges for the adoption of the DPS, the business owners intentionally want to use and expand DPS usage to continue and grow the use of digital payment systems. The expansion of the digital payment methods can strengthen financial inclusion and promote sustainable digital growth in Himachal Pradesh.

Keywords: DPS, UPI, SMEs, QR-code, POS etc.

Paper Title:
TRANSFORMING AGRO-BASED INDUSTRIALIZATION: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF UTTAR PRADESH FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY POLICY 2023
Author Name:
Preeti Devi, Yaduvendra Singh, Kuldeep Singh, Surjeet Singh, Sanjay Singh & Neha
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19496711
Page No.:
141-151
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TRANSFORMING AGRO-BASED INDUSTRIALIZATION: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF UTTAR PRADESH FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY POLICY 2023
Author: Preeti Devi, Yaduvendra Singh, Kuldeep Singh, Surjeet Singh, Sanjay Singh & Neha

ABSTRACT
Uttar Pradesh has a unique historical dilemma: it produces an enormous amount of raw
agricultural output without much processed food as added value. Food processing in Uttar Pradesh (UP) is only 6% of total production, compared to 10% nationally and much lower than 30% in China, 70% in Brazil, and 80% in Malaysia. The UP Government implemented the Food Processing Industry Policy 2023 to address this issue through the Department of Horticulture and Food Processing. This paper analyses the objectives of the policy, the structure of incentives, and whether it can revolutionize agro-based industrialization in the state. By using the secondary data analysis based on the government policy documents, Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) data, Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) reports, and published scholarly literature, the research compares the policy provisions with the structural constraints that have historically hindered the growth of the food processing industry in UP. It is also evident in the analysis that the policy presents substantive fiscal incentives such as capital subsidies of up to 35, complete stamp duty exemption, and interest subversion, and cold chain infrastructure support its transformative potential is deeply concerned with the entrenched issues of insufficient infrastructure, inadequate entrepreneurial capacity of farmers, and poor farm-to-market connections. The article is relevant to the literature on state-level industrial policy in India by placing the 2023 policy of the state of UP in the context of the overall national food processing development strategy and the One District One Product (ODOP) program of the state.

Paper Title:
A STUDY ON CONFIDENCE LEVELS IN UPI AND CASHLESS PAYMENT SOLUTIONS
Author Name:
M. Eknath Prasath & Mehasin M
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19548099
Page No.:
152-156
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A STUDY ON CONFIDENCE LEVELS IN UPI AND CASHLESS PAYMENT SOLUTIONS
Author: M. Eknath Prasath & Mehasin M

ABSTRACT
The evolution of digital payments has transformed the financial landscape in India, offering fast, secure, and convenient alternatives to cash transactions. Unified Payments Interface (UPI), in particular, has emerged as a major driver of this digital revolution. However, the success of such platforms depends largely on customer trust. This study explores the factors influencing customer trust in UPI and other digital payment systems, analyzing how ease of use, accountability, security, government policies, and promotional awareness contribute to building a trustworthy digital ecosystem. The findings highlight that perceived security, transparency, and effective customer support play key roles in establishing long-term trust among users.

Key words; Ease of Use, Transparency, Customer Support, Government Policies, Digital
Adoption, Payment Systems, User Behavior, Trust Factors, Online Transactions.

Paper Title:
ADVANCES IN IMAGE INPAINTING WITH DEEP LEARNING: METHODS, METRICS, AND MULTISCALE CHALLENGES
Author Name:
Santosh Dattatray Kale & Shailendrakumar M.Mukane
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19603583
Page No.:
157-171
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ADVANCES IN IMAGE INPAINTING WITH DEEP LEARNING: METHODS, METRICS, AND MULTISCALE CHALLENGES
Author: Santosh Dattatray Kale & Shailendrakumar M.Mukane

ABSTRACT.
Image inpainting has undergone a transformative evolution in recent years, propelled by the rise of deep learning. This review provides a critical analysis of the latest advances in image inpainting, focusing on methods grounded in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Transformers, and Diffusion Models. We organize the literature across algorithmic and architectural lines, highlight functional innovations such as multi-scale attention, structure-texture separation, and pseudo-labelling, and evaluate their performance using metrics like PSNR, SSIM, LPIPS, and FID on standard datasets. In addition, we explore domain-specific challenges, particularly high-angle fractures and periodic defects, and offer insight into future research opportunities. This study serves as a comprehensive guide to the current landscape and evolving frontiers in deep learning-based image inpainting.

Keywords: GAN, CNN, Transformer, Diffusion Models, PSNR, SSIM, LPIPS, Functional Innovations.

Paper Title:
GENDER DISPARITY ON EDITORIAL BOARDS OF INDIAN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE JOURNALS
Author Name:
Vinay R S & Sampath Kumar B T
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19659262
Page No.:
172-186
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GENDER DISPARITY ON EDITORIAL BOARDS OF INDIAN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE JOURNALS
Author: Vinay R S & Sampath Kumar B T

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to analyse trends in the gender distribution of various editorial roles, affiliations, and occupations of those who perform these roles, as well as the gender makeup of journal editorial boards in the field of library and information science. Data on 243 editors and editorial board members were collected from the websites of the ten most prominent India LIS journals chosen for the study. Data were assessed by role, gender, country, affiliation, and occupation. In Selected Indian LIS journals, researchers discovered that women were significantly underrepresented in editorial roles. This was especially noticeable at the most senior level of editing, that of the editor-in-chief. Most editorial staff were teachers, with few support staff or researchers. In particular, the study looks at the position of women in the field of library and information science. The study's conclusions are based on the proportion of women on the editorial boards of journals related to library and information science. The study is the first of its type to highlight the participation of female scholars and track their impact in the field of library and information science research. From the findings of the study, it is found that there exists a gender disparity in Indian Library and
Information Science journal’s editorial boards.

Keywords: Gender, Gender Disparity, Women, Editorial board, Library and Information
Science

Paper Title:
THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ON THE GROWTH OF HEALTH INSURANCE IN TAMILNADU
Author Name:
Sandhiya. R, Riswana. M & M.M. Vishnu
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19841478
Page No.:
187-191
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THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ON THE GROWTH OF HEALTH INSURANCE IN TAMILNADU
Author: Sandhiya. R, Riswana. M & M.M. Vishnu

ABSTRACT
The health insurance sector in Tamil Nadu is undergoing a digital transformation that is
reshaping how residents access and benefit from insurance coverage. Despite the growing awareness of health insurance in urban areas, rural regions still face significant challenges in obtaining adequate coverage due to affordability, lack of awareness, and limited access to traditional insurance agents. Digital technology, including mobile applications, telemedicine services, and AI-powered customer engagement platforms, is playing a critical role in bridging these gaps. This paper aims to explore the impact of these digital tools on the growth of health insurance in Tamil Nadu, assess the challenges that hinder their broader adoption, and suggest practical recommendations to overcome these barriers. By analyzing both the benefits and challenges, this paper provides valuable insights into the evolving dynamics of health insurance in the state, offering actionable recommendations for stakeholders across the industry.

Keywords: Digital Health Insurance, Tamil Nadu, Telemedicine, Accessibility, Data
Security, Mobile Apps, Insurance Growth, Artificial Intelligence

Paper Title:
A STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF E-BANKING SERVICES
Author Name:
F. Zabiullah, S. Ashok kumar & P. Girija
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19841576
Page No.:
192-198
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A STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF E-BANKING SERVICES
Author: F. Zabiullah, S. Ashok kumar & P. Girija

ABSTRACT
E-banking services have transformed the financial sector by enhancing accessibility,
efficiency, and convenience for customers. This study examines the effectiveness of ebanking services in terms of customer satisfaction, security, service quality, and financial inclusion. By analyzing user experiences and industry trends, the research highlights key benefits such as 24/7 accessibility, reduced transaction time, and cost-effectiveness, while also addressing concerns like cybersecurity threats and technical challenges.

Keywords: E-banking, Digital banking services, Customer satisfaction, Cybersecurity.

Paper Title:
STUDYING THE RELATIONSHIP OF TECHNOLOGY READINESS, SOCIAL CONNECTEDNESS, AND PERCEIVED ANTHROPOMORPHISM WITH EMOTIONAL DEPENDENCE ON AI COMPANIONS
Author Name:
Gunika Puri, Anuradha Ranjan
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19892410
Page No.:
199-216
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STUDYING THE RELATIONSHIP OF TECHNOLOGY READINESS, SOCIAL CONNECTEDNESS, AND PERCEIVED ANTHROPOMORPHISM WITH EMOTIONAL DEPENDENCE ON AI COMPANIONS
Author: Gunika Puri, Anuradha Ranjan

The increasing presence of artificial intelligence (AI) in everyday life has begun to reshape how individuals interact, communicate, and experience emotional support. As these systems become more interactive and emotionally responsive, many users begin to engage with them in ways that go beyond simple utility. The present study examines how technology readiness, social connectedness, and perceived anthropomorphism are related to emotional dependence on AI companions. A correlational research design was used with a sample of young adults aged 18–30 years. Standardized measures, including the Technology Readiness Index, Social Connectedness Scale, and the Individual Differences in Anthropomorphism Questionnaire, were administered along with an adapted scale to assess emotional dependence on AI. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and independent samples t-test. The findings suggest that individuals who perceive AI systems as more human-like are more likely to develop emotional reliance on them. In contrast, technology readiness and social connectedness did not show a significant relationship with emotional dependence. These results highlight that emotional engagement with AI may be shaped more by users’ perceptions of the system rather than their technological familiarity or social environment.
The study contributes to a growing understanding of human–AI interaction and raises important considerations for the design of AI systems that are emotionally engaging without encouraging unhealthy dependence

Paper Title:
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF E-GOVERNANCE IN INDIA
Author Name:
Padma T
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20069472
Page No.:
217-225
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CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF E-GOVERNANCE IN INDIA
Author: Padma T

ABSTRACT
E-governance denotes the provision of government information and services to citizens,
businesses, employees, or government agencies through Information and Communications Technology (ICT). E-governance in India has gained attention in recent times. Several success stories have also been shared publicly. Though the implementations are commendable, they focus on effort rather than results. India is an emerging nation. However, it must meet the socio-economic goals through efficient governance by the government. In the age of ICT, nearly every country globally has embraced ICT in their governance, delivering crucial goods and services to the populace promptly. In the realm of the Indian economy, each sector is affected by E-Governance. As a result, the Government of India has initiated E-Governance programs, offering all services electronically whenever feasible. In terms of e-governance, it typically began around seventy years ago. Since that time, we've implemented various initiatives related to E-Governance. In the meantime, the Government of India initiated numerous projects to promote E-Governance, such as E-Seva, Smart Govt,
Digital India, E-Kranthi, among others. It appears that each of these initiatives is significantly benefiting the citizens. Despite this process, there are still several challenges related to the implementation of E-Governance. In other words, these obstacles appear to be barriers to the success of E-Governance. Specifically, socio-economic, cultural, technical limitations, privacy, security issues, and so on. Despite numerous challenges and obstacles, the government has great confidence in overcoming these barriers and facilitating the success of E-Governance. This paper aims to outline the current state of E-Governance in India.

Keywords: E-governance, ICT, Govt. of India, Challenges, Projects, Administration.

Paper Title:
ACCESS AND UTILISATION OF ELECTRONIC INFORMATION RESOURCES OF IIIT LIBRARIES: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Author Name:
T. S. Somashekhar & Vitthal Bagalkoti
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20117968
Page No.:
226-237
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ACCESS AND UTILISATION OF ELECTRONIC INFORMATION RESOURCES OF IIIT LIBRARIES: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Author: T. S. Somashekhar & Vitthal Bagalkoti

ABSTRACT
The present study examines the access and utilisation of electronic information resources among users of selected IIIT libraries in South India. The study aims to identify the patterns of usage, types of e-resources accessed, purposes of use, perceived benefits, and challenges faced by users while accessing electronic resources. A descriptive survey method was adopted, and data were collected from 321 respondents comprising students, research scholars, and faculty members through a structured questionnaire. The findings reveal that ejournals, e-books, and full-text databases are the most preferred electronic resources among users. ScienceDirect, IEEE, Springer, and ACM emerged as the most frequently used subscribed databases. The study further indicates that respondents primarily use e-resources for research, study, assignment preparation, and staying updated with recent developments. Time-saving, easy accessibility, availability of up-to-date information, and 24×7 access were identified as major benefits. However, challenges such as internet connectivity issues, limited
awareness, and technical difficulties continue to affect the effective utilisation of e resources.

Keywords: Electronic Information Resources, E-Resources, Academic Libraries, IIIT
Libraries, Library Users, Digital Resources, Information Access, South India.

Paper Title:
DIFFICULTIES IN APPLYING THE 2009 RIGHT TO FREE AND COMPULSORY EDUCATION ACT IN RURAL ODISHA
Author Name:
Swapna Bijayini
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20233547
Page No.:
238-250
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DIFFICULTIES IN APPLYING THE 2009 RIGHT TO FREE AND COMPULSORY EDUCATION ACT IN RURAL ODISHA
Author: Swapna Bijayini

ABSTRACT
The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 establishes free primary education for children ages 6 to 14 while advancing social justice, equality, and inclusive social development. The Act enforcement in rural Odisha faces major difficulties because of problems which exist in social economic factors and infrastructure and administrative systems despite the protection which The constitution stipulates under Article 21A. The study looks at how the RTE Act works in rural Odisha, particularly for members of marginalized populations and tribal tribes. The research utilizes both doctrinal and empirical socio-legal methodologies through constitutional research and judicial analysis and evaluation of government documents and field research and interview and questionnaire data which was collected from 200 study participants. The research study found that major obstacles which restrict access to education include poverty and child labor and teacher deficiencies and insufficient school facilities and gender bias and lack of parental knowledge and ineffective
supervision systems and digital access limitations. The study shows that remote rural areas experience a significant gap which exists between their legal rights and their actual living conditions. The study shows that educational rights in rural India require better governance and improved school facilities and better trained teaching staff and active community involvement and educational programs which support all students.

Keywords: Right to Education Act, Rural Odisha, Educational Rights, Elementary
Education, Socio-Legal Challenges, School Infrastructure, Child Rights, Rural Education,
Educational Policy, Inclusive Educatio.

Paper Title:
INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ENGAGEMENT ON YOUTH AND FIRST-TIME VOTERS IN INDIAN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024
Author Name:
Deepali Solankey & Ashwani Kumar
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20233873
Page No.:
251-263
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INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ENGAGEMENT ON YOUTH AND FIRST-TIME VOTERS IN INDIAN GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024
Author: Deepali Solankey & Ashwani Kumar

ABSTRACT
This study investigates how social media activity affects both youth voters and first-time voters during the Indian General Elections 2024. Political communication now occurs through interactive digital platforms which include Instagram Facebook and X because these platforms have rapidly expanded their user base. The research investigates how social media engagement affects young voters' political knowledge and their voting behavior and political views. The researchers employed a descriptive and analytical research design which included 200 participants as their study sample. The researchers used structured questionnaires with a Likert scale to gather data which they analyzed using statistical methods that included correlation and regression analysis. The study results show that social media use improves political awareness and increases voter turnout while simultaneously exposing young people to false information and partisan material. The research shows how social media functions as
an educational resource that also serves to control voter behavior during elections. The study reveals that digital literacy needs to be developed together with ethical campaigning practices and regulatory systems so that people can make informed choices. The research shows how digital technology has changed political participation patterns while offering information that governments and political organizations need to handle future research activities.
Keywords: Social Media Engagement, Youth Voters, First-Time Voters, Voting Behaviour,
Political Awareness, Digital Media, Electoral Participation, Indian General Elections 2024

Paper Title:
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF POST-QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY IN TLS-SECURED LOW-POWER IOT SYSTEMS
Author Name:
Gurwinder Singh
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20342684
Page No.:
264-272
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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF POST-QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY IN TLS-SECURED LOW-POWER IOT SYSTEMS
Author: Gurwinder Singh

Advancements in quantum computing are posing a serious threat to the security of commonly used public-key cryptographic systems, and consequently, to the safety of digital communications that depend on them. In response to this emerging risk, the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been actively working on identifying and standardizing post-quantum cryptographic algorithms that can withstand attacks from quantum machines.

Paper Title:
THE RISE OF CREATOR ECONOMY IN BHARAT: A MASS COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVE
Author Name:
Akshunn Gayakwad
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20409989
Page No.:
273-281
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THE RISE OF CREATOR ECONOMY IN BHARAT: A MASS COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVE
Author: Akshunn Gayakwad

Bharat has witnessed a profound transformation in the field of communication due to the rapid expansion of digital media platforms and internet accessibility in recent years. The emergence of the “creator economy” has enabled ordinary individuals to become
communicators, educators, entertainers, entrepreneurs, and opinion leaders through digital platforms such as YouTube and Instagram. Unlike traditional communication systems controlled by institutional media houses, the creator economy has democratised communication and enabled participatory digital culture across urban and rural regions of the country. This paper examines the rise of the creator economy in Bharat from a mass communication perspective while linking it with broader dimensions such as Aatmanirbhar Bharat, women empowerment, rural economic participation, digital literacy, and entrepreneurship. The study highlights how creators from villages, small towns, homemaking backgrounds, and geographically distant regions are generating livelihoods and social influence through communication-based digital participation. The research adopts a descriptive approach based on secondary sources, policy observations, and communication theories. The paper concludes that the creator economy is not merely a technological or entertainment phenomenon but an emerging socio-economic communication movement contributing toward self-reliance, cultural representation, and participatory digital development in Bharat.

Paper Title:
TELEPRESENCE VS. VIVIDNESS IN AUGMENTED REALITY SHOPPING: CONCEPTUALLY DISTINGUISHING TWO CONSTRUCTS AND THEIR DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS ON CONSUMER TRUST
Author Name:
Esha Jain , Sarita Arora
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20410149
Page No.:
282-295
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TELEPRESENCE VS. VIVIDNESS IN AUGMENTED REALITY SHOPPING: CONCEPTUALLY DISTINGUISHING TWO CONSTRUCTS AND THEIR DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS ON CONSUMER TRUST
Author: Esha Jain , Sarita Arora

Augmented Reality has redefined online retail as it enables consumers to visualize and
contextualize products in their own physical environment before purchase. Telepresence and vividness are two theoretical constructs frequently used in AR shopping literature, often together and sometimes interchangeably. The conceptual paper argues that treating these two constructs as the same hides their different psychological processes and effects on consumer trust. Drawing on Steuer‟s (1992) media theory and Lombard and Ditton‟s (1997) work on presence and recent AR marketing research, the paper conceptually highlights how telepresence (the feeling of being there) is separate from vividness (the sensory richness of a mediated environment). We propose that vividness acts as a stimulus that shapes the level of
telepresence, while also influencing consumer trust through separate cognitive and emotional processes. The paper presents five theoretical propositions that explain how each construct builds trust differently. It also identifies key boundary conditions, including product type, consumer technology readiness, and depth of AR interaction, and discusses their implications for AR retailing theory and practice. This paper contributes by addressing a long-standing theoretical confusion in AR consumer behaviour research and offering a simple framework for the future studies.

Paper Title:
LEVERAGING DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR SMALL BUSINESSES IN COMPETITIVE MARKETS: AN EMPIRICAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY
Author Name:
Ashish Jaswal, Vaishali Rajendra Patil & Harshali Bhalerao
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20412251
Page No.:
296-308
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LEVERAGING DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR SMALL BUSINESSES IN COMPETITIVE MARKETS: AN EMPIRICAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY
Author: Ashish Jaswal, Vaishali Rajendra Patil & Harshali Bhalerao

ABSTRACT
The rapid expansion of digital technologies has transformed marketing practices, particularly for small businesses operating in highly competitive environments. Despite the growing importance of digital marketing, many small enterprises face challenges related to limited resources, technical expertise, and market visibility. The present study aims to examine the effectiveness of digital marketing strategies in enhancing business performance and customer engagement among small businesses. The research adopts a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative data collected from a sample of 150 small business owners through structured online questionnaires with limited qualitative insights. The findings reveal that digital marketing significantly influences business outcomes, with strong positive correlations observed between digital marketing and sales growth (r = 0.68) and customer engagement (r = 0.72). Regression analysis further indicates a substantial impact (β = 0.65, p < 0.001), while social media marketing emerges as the most widely adopted strategy, with 46.7% of respondents reporting high usage. The study highlights that although digital adoption is increasing, gaps remain in advanced tools such as SEO/SEM. Theoretically, the study supports frameworks such as the Technology Acceptance Model and Resource-Based View, while practically, it provides actionable insights for small businesses to optimize digital strategies and for policymakers to design targeted support programs.

Keywords: Digital Marketing, Small Businesses, Social Media Marketing, Business Performance, Customer Engagement, SEO/SEM, Competitive Markets

Paper Title:
UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN THE DIGITAL ERA: AN ANALYSIS OF ICT-BASED MANAGEMENT AND SERVICES IN GOVERNMENT AND DEEMED UNIVERSITIES OF RAJASTHAN
Author Name:
Bablu Kumar Meena, Ramakant Daiya, Ghanshyam Singh, Sanjay Khichi & Rajendra Kumar Gupta
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20412469
Page No.:
309-321
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UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN THE DIGITAL ERA: AN ANALYSIS OF ICT-BASED MANAGEMENT AND SERVICES IN GOVERNMENT AND DEEMED UNIVERSITIES OF RAJASTHAN
Author: Bablu Kumar Meena, Ramakant Daiya, Ghanshyam Singh, Sanjay Khichi & Rajendra Kumar Gupta

ABSTRACT
This study critically examines the adoption and effectiveness of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in university libraries across government and deemed universities in Rajasthan. Employing a descriptive-comparative research design, the study integrates primary data collected through structured questionnaires (n = 200 respondents, including library professionals and users) and secondary data from institutional records. Statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation, independent sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA were applied to analyze differences in ICT infrastructure, service utilization, and user satisfaction. The findings reveal statistically significant disparities between government and deemed university libraries in terms of ICT infrastructure (Mean = 52.5% vs 81.7%), automation levels, and digital service delivery (p < 0.05). Deemed universities demonstrate higher efficiency due to better funding, advanced systems, and trained personnel. Conversely, government universities face constraints including limited financial resources, inadequate staff training, and insufficient digital access. The study recommends strategic investment in ICT infrastructure, continuous professional development, and policy-level interventions to ensure equitable digital transformation. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on digital library development in emerging educational contexts.

Keywords: Government Universities Deemed Universities, Academic Libraries, International Computer Technology, E-Resource Access, Higher Education Institutions, Rajasthan, Research Study, and Impact.

Paper Title:
ROLE OF DATABASE IN MODERN APPLICATION:A REVIEW
Author Name:
Ritu Walia
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20454756
Page No.:
322-329
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ROLE OF DATABASE IN MODERN APPLICATION:A REVIEW
Author: Ritu Walia

Database management systems (DBMS) serve as the cornerstone for effective program operations with low risk and are essential to contemporary data organization, distribution, and control. To maximize benefits, optimize performance, and promote knowledge across multiple domains, these systems make use of integration and appropriate programming. DBMS provides creative solutions for a variety of applications by facilitating certification procedures, facilitating simultaneous communication, and supporting the study of dynamic difficulties. The increasing use of database technology is indicative of how they have revolutionized information management. At the heart of DBMS are relational and nonrelational databases, each of which is tailored to a particular set of operating requirements. While non-relational databases offer flexibility for managing unstructured data, allowing for the growing volume and complexity of information, relational databases, which are founded on structured data organization, guarantee consistency and dependability. Through the precise and prompt processing of data, DBMS facilitates decision-making in enterprise management, allowing for operational effectiveness and strategic planning.

Paper Title:
IMPLICATIONS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ALGORITHM IN BROAD VISIBILITY
Author Name:
Venkatraman, Mahadevan, Prabhakaran.K
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20488598
Page No.:
330-332
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IMPLICATIONS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ALGORITHM IN BROAD VISIBILITY
Author: Venkatraman, Mahadevan, Prabhakaran.K

This research explores the profound shifts in digital discovery caused by modern social media algorithms. Historically, broad visibility was a factor of network size and organic growth. Today, algorithms act as autonomous gatekeepers, prioritizing 'interest' over 'connection.' This article examines the mechanics of predictive modeling, the decline of organic reach, and the socio-political effects of content curation. By analyzing platforms like TikTok and Meta, we identify a clear transition in visibility dynamics that favors high-arousal content and paid amplification, leading to significant challenges for information diversity and small-scale creators.

Paper Title:
THE EVOLVING ROLE OF HR IN STARTUPS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Author Name:
Abinaya.P, Mohamed Sahith, I. Jaya Padma Deepa
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20488700
Page No.:
333-338
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THE EVOLVING ROLE OF HR IN STARTUPS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Author: Abinaya.P, Mohamed Sahith, I. Jaya Padma Deepa

Startups are rapidly growing business entities that operate in highly competitive and dynamic environments. In such organizations, the role of Human Resource (HR) management has evolved significantly from traditional administrative functions to a more strategic role. The evolving role of HR in startups focuses on building a strong organizational culture, attracting and retaining talented employees, and supporting business growth. Unlike established organizations, startups often face unique challenges such as limited financial resources, high employee turnover, lack of formal HR policies, and the need for flexible workforce management. Therefore, HR professionals in startups must adopt innovative approaches to recruitment, training, performance management, and employee engagement. This study explores the changing responsibilities of HR in startup organizations and highlights the key
challenges and opportunities associated with this transformation. HR departments in startups play a crucial role in developing a positive work environment, promoting teamwork, and aligning employee goals with organizational objectives. At the same time, startups provide opportunities for HR to implement modern practices such as digital HR tools, flexible work policies, and creative talent management strategies. The study also examines how effective HR practices contribute to organizational success by improving employee productivity, motivation, and job satisfaction. By understanding the evolving role of HR, startups can better manage their human capital and achieve sustainable growth. Overall, this research emphasizes that HR is not just a support function but a strategic partner that helps startups overcome challenges and take advantage of emerging opportunities in a rapidly changing business environment.

Paper Title:
“A HYBRID SENSITIVITY SUPERVISION MODEL FOR CYBERSECURITY IN SOCIAL SYSTEMS”
Author Name:
Dipak Vijay Rajput
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20522018
Page No.:
339-351
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“A HYBRID SENSITIVITY SUPERVISION MODEL FOR CYBERSECURITY IN SOCIAL SYSTEMS”
Author: Dipak Vijay Rajput

The fast growth of digital tools and those pretty tightly connected social networks has, in practice, pushed cybersecurity challenges upward across areas like healthcare , banking, education, governance, and communication. A lot of older supervision strategies in cybersecurity tend to rely on rule driven and signature based safeguards, yet they often don’t handle todays threats well—like phishing, ransomware, malware, and even AI driven breakins, where the patterns kind of shift. Because of that, this work puts forward a Hybrid Sensitivity Supervision Model for Cybersecurity in Social Systems, that sort of blends Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Big Data Analytics, cloud hardening, IoT monitoring, and regulatory compliance into one cybersecurity framework. The research route is descriptive, analytical, and also empirical. It uses surveys, case studies, and a comparative performance evaluation ,with a sample of 100 people respondents, though that part is a bit limiting but still gives useful signals. To check how effective the whole setup is, regression analysis , ANOVA, and correlation techniques are applied. In general, the outcomes show that the proposed hybrid model increases threat identification precision, shortens the response cycle, improves scalability, and supports real time monitoring more effectively than more traditional cybersecurity systems. So the study adds value both in theory and in practice, because it offers an adaptive, expandable, and intelligent supervision structure that fits modern digital social contexts.

Paper Title:
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MANAGING EMOTIONAL BEHAVIORAL BIASES ON INVESTMENT DECISION MAKING
Author Name:
Kesu Singh
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20524078
Page No.:
352-361
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MANAGING EMOTIONAL BEHAVIORAL BIASES ON INVESTMENT DECISION MAKING
Author: Kesu Singh

Traditional financial prospects, like Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), ignore how actual people really make decisions and instead place all investment decisions in the hands of rational individuals. However, in practice, investing behaviour varies. Examining behavioral biases in investing the factor influencing the decision making by the investors is the main agenda of this study. To gather the opinions of millennial investors, a questionnaire was created and distributed. To explain the process of selecting an investment, the terms loss aversion (LA), regret aversion (RA) effect, and overconfidence (OC) bias were employed. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in managing these biases and improving investment decision-making processes. AI-driven algorithms are capable of analyzing vast amounts of financial data, market sentiment, and investor behavior to identify and understand various emotional biases such as overconfidence, loss aversion, and herd mentality. The findings demonstrated that all three biases—LA, RA, and OC bias—have a significant and beneficial impact on investment decisions. According to the findings, active
investors display more OC prejudice, whilst idle traders are more likely to be subject to RA and LA bias. In terms of educating customers and promoting improved decision-making, the study's findings may have significant policy implications for analysts and investment decision-makers.

Paper Title:
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND ACADEMIC LIBRARIES: EXPANDING ACCESS TO PRINT AND ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
Author Name:
Nishant Madhukar, Shesh Mishra
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20524473
Page No.:
362-369
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DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND ACADEMIC LIBRARIES: EXPANDING ACCESS TO PRINT AND ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
Author: Nishant Madhukar, Shesh Mishra

Prior to the advent of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), academic libraries were regarded as the primary—and almost exclusive—custodians of knowledge and information wealth. At that time, the majority of information was available in printed form, and libraries served as the principal means of acquiring knowledge. However, the rapid evolution of information resources has brought about significant changes in the conventional systems for the organization, presentation, preservation, and dissemination of such resources. The innovative digital packaging of information, electronic publishing, and network-based communication have fundamentally transformed the operational dynamics of academic libraries.

Paper Title:
THE PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR THE EARLY DETECTION OF HURRICANES UTILIZING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES
Author Name:
Isha Malik Arora, Rajeev Sharma, Kamal Malik
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20524565
Page No.:
370-377
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THE PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR THE EARLY DETECTION OF HURRICANES UTILIZING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES
Author: Isha Malik Arora, Rajeev Sharma, Kamal Malik

As one of the most devastating disasters to affect human populations globally, hurricanes cause extensive damage to humans' lives, infrastructure, economies, etc. Early and effective detection of such phenomena is crucial in order to reduce their effects on loss and minimize any associated hazards to humans. Traditional methods of forecasting are faced with challenges related to the processing of dynamic data from meteorology and environmental conditions necessary for hurricane detection with high precision. This paper aims at proposing an Artificial Intelligence-based predictive system capable of detecting hurricanes using various machine learning techniques, including hybrid ensembling.

Paper Title:
INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) AND THE RISING DIFFERENCES IN RELATIONSHIPS DUE TO EXCESSIVE USE OF GADGETS.
Author Name:
Sahib Singh
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20567255
Page No.:
378-384
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INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) AND THE RISING DIFFERENCES IN RELATIONSHIPS DUE TO EXCESSIVE USE OF GADGETS.
Author: Sahib Singh

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed human interaction,
communication patterns, and daily life. IoT connects billions of devices—including
smartphones, wearables, smart home systems, and social platforms—creating a
hyperconnected environment that reshapes social relationships. While IoT enhances
convenience, efficiency, and accessibility, excessive gadget use has contributed to
emotional distance, communication breakdown, and relational conflicts among
individuals, families, and communities. This research paper explores the intersection
between IoT proliferation and the increasing strain on interpersonal relationships due to
excessive digital engagement. Drawing upon interdisciplinary studies in psychology,
communication, sociology, and information systems, the paper examines theoretical
foundations, behavioral patterns, psychological consequences, family dynamics, romantic relationships, workplace interactions, and long-term societal implications. The study concludes by proposing balanced digital usage frameworks and policy recommendations to mitigate relational damage while preserving the benefits of technological advancement.

Paper Title:
ASSESSING THE FEASIBILITY OF SIMULTANEOUS ELECTIONS IN INDIA: GOVERNANCE AND DEMOCRATIC PERSPECTIVES
Author Name:
Kandi Kamala
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20567570
Page No.:
385-392
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ASSESSING THE FEASIBILITY OF SIMULTANEOUS ELECTIONS IN INDIA: GOVERNANCE AND DEMOCRATIC PERSPECTIVES
Author: Kandi Kamala

The proposal for Simultaneous Elections, popularly known as "One Nation, One Election"
(ONOE), has emerged as a significant electoral reform debate in India. The concept
advocates conducting elections to the Lok Sabha and all State Legislative Assemblies
concurrently, replacing the current system of staggered elections. Proponents argue that simultaneous elections can reduce the financial burden of frequent elections, minimize disruptions caused by the Model Code of Conduct, enhance policy continuity, and improve administrative efficiency. Critics, however, contend that such a reform may undermine India's federal structure, diminish the importance of regional issues, and affect democratic representation by favoring national political narratives over state-specific concerns.This study examines the feasibility of simultaneous elections in India from governance and democratic perspectives. It analyzes the constitutional, legal, administrative, and political challenges associated with synchronizing electoral cycles across the country. The research also explores the potential impact of simultaneous elections on governance efficiency, public expenditure,
voter turnout, electoral participation, and accountability mechanisms. Particular attention is given to the implications for federalism, Centre–State relations, and the representation of diverse regional interests within India's multi-party democratic framework. The study employs a qualitative research methodology based on the analysis of constitutional provisions, reports of the Election Commission of India, Law Commission recommendations, parliamentary committee reports, policy documents, and scholarly literature. Comparative experiences from countries practicing synchronized elections are also examined to identify relevant lessons for India.

Paper Title:
THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY IN EMPOWERING WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF LUCKNOW DIVISION
Author Name:
Smita Verma, Vipin Bihari Srivastav
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20676819
Page No.:
393-409
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THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY IN EMPOWERING WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF LUCKNOW DIVISION
Author: Smita Verma, Vipin Bihari Srivastav

The research questions the crucial nature of financial literacy as a driver of women
entrepreneurship in the sustainable technology industry, in particular. Women as agents of green innovations is a critical but little-known field of study as the world turns green. The study uses a comparative analysis model in estimating the differences and similarities between rural and urban regions in the Lucknow Division of Uttar Pradesh.
The study also examines three fundamental dimensions (financial knowledge, financial
behaviour and the capacity to access formal credit to fund high-cost sustainable technology ventures) through a mixed-methods design which includes structured surveys and in-depth interviews. Early evidence indicates that urban entrepreneurs have more digital financial literacy and access better venture capital, but rural entrepreneurs are more resilient despite having major obstacles in the form of inadequate banking infrastructure and patriarchal socioeconomic norms.

Paper Title:
BEHIND THE CURTAIN: INVESTOR BATTLES AND POLICY GAPS IN THE SAHARA REFUND PROCESS
Author Name:
Abhishek Srivastava, Sanjeev Kumar Chadha
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20677107
Page No.:
410-424
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BEHIND THE CURTAIN: INVESTOR BATTLES AND POLICY GAPS IN THE SAHARA REFUND PROCESS
Author: Abhishek Srivastava, Sanjeev Kumar Chadha

Sahara India refund case is one of the longest cases ever in Indian legal and financial history where investors interest was required to be protected. The Supreme Court of India in March 2023 mandated the funds of ₹5,000 crore from the Sahara-SEBI Refund Account was transferred to the Central Registrar of Cooperative. The societies (CRCS) were established for repayment to the depositors. The CRCS-Sahara Refund Portal was launched on 18 July 2023 to enable the processing of refunds in a systematic way through the UIDAI-Aadhaar linked manner. However, as of December 2025, only ₹6,841.86 crore has been disbursed to 35.44 lakh verified depositors who had applied for 1.41 crore times. The investor base is more than 54.2 lakh and the total estimates deposits are at ₹1,13,504 crore. To achieve this disbursement rate of ₹115 crore per month, it will take over 77 years to complete. This paper points to systemic, institutional and structural barriers that underline the issue of repayment to the depositors. Mandatory Aadhaar verification put on the backs of pre-digital depositors, weak administrative structure, capacity of CRCS, failure of local Sahara agents and deep rural digital divide are the main obstacles that hinder the adoption of the new technology. This paper suggests a blended model of redress based on practicalities and legal analysis of the Companies Act 2013, SEBI Act 1992, Multi- State Cooperative Societies Act 2002 and Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023, which calls for the Incorporation of hybrid system including Infrastructure, nodal officer and a monthly progress audit (localised physical presence) and digital verification. If such measures had been adopted the Supreme Court's role as a protector of investors could continue to be as much a fantasy as a reality.

Paper Title:
DIGITAL POLITICS, AI AND ELECTIONS CAMPAIGNING IN INDIA
Author Name:
Sandeep Kaur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20714922
Page No.:
425-436
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DIGITAL POLITICS, AI AND ELECTIONS CAMPAIGNING IN INDIA
Author: Sandeep Kaur

Around the world, especially in India, political communication and election campaigning has changed due to the quick development of digital technology and artificial intelligence (AI). India, the largest democracy in the world, has seen a dramatic transition from conventional campaign tactics to digitally driven political strategies that make use of social media platforms, big data analytics, machine learning, and AI-powered communication tools. This study looks at how AI and digital politics are increasingly influencing election campaigns in the context of Indian national politics.

In order to affect voter behavior and improve campaign effectiveness, the study investigates how political parties use AI-enabled voter profiling, micro-targeting, predictive analytics, chatbots, and automated content creation. Additionally, it examines how social media sites like Facebook, X (previously Twitter), WhatsApp, Instagram, and YouTube are becoming more and more important for public opinion formation and political mobilization. The study also looks into new issues related to AI-driven electioneering, such as false information, deepfakes, algorithmic bias, data privacy issues, electoral manipulation, and dangers to democratic integrity.

The study assesses the effects of digital politics on political accountability, electoral transparency, and democratic engagement in India using a qualitative and analytical methodology. The report contends that whereas AI and digital technologies have increased prospects for voter outreach and political engagement, they also present serious ethical, legal, and regulatory issues. The necessity of a thorough regulatory framework that strikes a balance between technical advancement and the defense of democratic principles, electoral justice, and citizen rights in the digital era is emphasized in the paper's conclusion.

Keywords: Digital Politics; Artificial Intelligence; Elections Campaigning; Indian Politics; Social Media; Democracy; Digital Democracy.

Paper Title:
E-GOVERNANCE AND TRANSPARENCY IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN INDIA
Author Name:
Manju K.P
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20795250
Page No.:
437-442
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E-GOVERNANCE AND TRANSPARENCY IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN INDIA
Author: Manju K.P

E-Governance has emerged as an important instrument for improving transparency,
accountability, and efficiency in public administration. The use of information and
communication technology (ICT) in governance enables governments to provide services effectively, reduce corruption, and strengthen citizen participation. This paper examines the concept of e-governance, its role in promoting transparency in public administration, major initiatives undertaken in India, challenges faced in implementation, and suggestions for improvement. The study concludes that effective implementation of e-governance can strengthen democratic governance and improve public trust in administration.

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